Testing equation editor responses - results

Having marked the physics assignments submitted during my mini experiment (see Testing equation editor responses), after some delay caused by the flu which is doing the rounds, I sat down to look at what they revealed. Questionnaires were given to the students after hand in, disguised to appear as enquiry into attitudes and responses to aspects of school itself rather than the equation editors, supplied some valuable information about students viewpoints and inclinations. Information form other staff, including assessments and reports, provided a third reference point.

Taking all of that together, the results broadly corresponded with Lakshmi’s perception.

Students whose favourite subjects include the visual and dramatic arts, and whose best marks are in those subjects, tended to handle Equations! with more confidence than MathType, and to produce better designed physics assignment pages when working on the machine on which it was installed. Interestingly, this was also true of those whose focus is physical activity (games, sports, physical education).

Students with a preference and bias towards English Language, literature, history, geography, and sociology showed the reverse inclination: they performed best, and felt greatest confidence, when using MathType.

Surprisingly, the split was also visible within the subgroup of students who prefer and perform best in the sciences. Students whose chemistry is stronger than their biology had a MathType leaning, while their peers who lean towards biology but have a weakness in chemistry preferred Equations!. Those whose strength is in physics and/or maths, however, were indifferent to which package they used, were equally competent and confident in either, but showed irritation at having to switch from one to another, in either direction, when resuming an assignment on a different machine.

One final split emerged. Formulator Express is freely available to all students on all other school computers apart from the two laptops which they were required to use for this assignment. In roughly equal numbers, some students preferred either of the trial packages to that established option while others reacted against the need to shift away from it. None of them placed preference for their usual tool above one of the trial packages but below the other - either they preferred it to both, or they didn’t.

[contributed by Ross]

Alignment in equation editors

[Regarding the discussions of Lakshmi and Ross:]

We do not have text alignment in Equations because when wanted to adhere to strict latex notation. Everything you do visually has a correspondence in the latex code and vice versa.

But latex has several shortcomings regarding text editing, for example by default you cannot use colour, we needed to dig an extension to allow that. This did not really bother us as anyway MS Word, Open Office, etc, have far better alignment and positioning options than the ones available in latex text formatting.

After all it was never our intention with Equations to build a fully featured word processor but only an equation editor to work with other word processors.

[contributed by Luis Dias]

Testing equation editor responses

Following Lakshmi’s post on use of three equation editors, and a conversation with AbsentCat about discussion with the author of Equations, I was curious about how differences in formatting assumptions are perceived by users.

Equations implicitly assumes that the host application (word processor, web editor, or whatever) will see to arrangement of completed equations in relation to its own design priorities. MathType, on the other hand, assumes that a given equation system will be arranged according to a chosen set of mathematical conventions, indepenent of the context within which it is to be placed.Both assumptions have arguments in their favour; but they are nevertheless distinct. I wonder whether there is a possible link between them and Lakshmi’s observation that MathType appealed to her verbal side, Equations to her visual sense.

Yesterday I started a small experiment. I am trying out both programs on a class of fifteen year olds typing up a short physics investigation. None of them has used an equation editor before, so they were all given a training session on both products. They have now been told to use one of two otherwise identical laptops, always available in the lab, to type up their work in booked sessions over the next two weeks. One machine has Equations and the other MathType, but neither reveals which until after log in, and I shall randomly switch their positions. I hope that subsequent questionnaires will show what (if any) differences emerge in their responses.

[contributed by Ross]

The joy of equations

Part of my summer holiday was spent in trying to learn something about stuff outside the textbook areas of maths I’ve been looking at. They are fascinating, but because I’m still an arts and humanities girl at heart I needed something more romantic to lighten them up a bit.

My history teacher showed me some examples of how models can be used to try out ideas and see whether they fit what really happened in the past - for instance, I’ve played with a set of equations for the expansion of the Mongol empire mentioned in Sunstorm, and the spread of the Black Death in fourteenth century CE Europe. He also introduced me to sociology, where equations describe the behaviour of large numbers of people.Anyway, to get back to scientific computing, I find the way equations are written very beautiful but the way they go into a lot of software programs is ugly (especially spreadsheets). I often need to write them out myself before I can relate to them. Mr Grant lent me a computer with several programs which just write equations, the way you would by hand but typing them on screen. I’ve also been given a school copy of a free one (supplied by the government education ministry) to use on my own computer. I’ve had a lot of fun with these programs, and they have made the final connection between the excitement I feel about physics models and the “aesthetic me” that loves poetry and drama and painting.

The free program is Formulator Express, and is part of a set of programs given to teachers. I am very glad to have it for my own, but I hope to get my own copy of either MathType or Equations! (both of them have to be bought, but my uncle is talking about getting me one for my birthday). They are both very good, and do more than the free program, but I think different people would buy them. MathType appeals to the part of me which likes to write words, and Equations! pleases the bit of me that likes pictures - equations are both descriptions and pictures of something I can’t see with my eyes, only in my head.

All of these programs come down to picking and combining symbols, then letting the computer take care of drawing, spacing, arrangement and so on. The result is wonderfully sensual, with all the curves of a proper font setting off the beauty of the equation itself. They give you all sorts of ways to control and fine tune the way the equation looks, but won’t let you break the rules which control how an equation is supposed to look. They are magic. They have all the best bits of hand writing equations but let you adjust everything until it’s just right.

Equations! and Mathtype both help you to do a techie language called LaTex as well. I don’t think Formulator does, or if it does then I haven’t found it. I’m only just starting to figure this out, but it’s a way to describe equations. I’ve sort of got my head round the basic idea, but I don’t think I’d ever have the patience to get good at it - so it’s a good thing that these equation editors do a lot of it for you. For myself I found Equations! best for this part, it seemed more like the way I think, although MathType does whole pages of stuff at once.

I said before the summer that I had started painting equations. The equation editors have encouraged me to develop that work, and I have several sketchpads filled with arrangements of equations and graphs combined on the same page. (Apart from being beautiful, this is also useful. I tried to make sense of Einstein’s relativity stuff from a book, and got closest to understanding it through my montaged watercolour sketches.)

Now my English teacher (who started me on this stuff in the first place) and the art teacher have suggested that I work up some of my sketches into background scenery for a German play called Die Physiker, about Newton and Einstein. I am worried about this, as I don’t want to get known as a geek, but the idea does make me feel excited. I have done some experiments in the drama studio after school this term, putting Equations! equations and Autograph curves from the computer onto large sheets of calico to see how the forms and dynamics work together on a large scale.

[contributed by Lakshmi]

• Autograph and Equations! were supplied by Chartwell Yorke (who also stock MathType).
• Formulator (from Hermitech Laboratory in the Ukraine) is licensed for educational use as part of a standards pack from the UK Department for Education and Skills. The free version used by Lakshmi, Formulator Express, can be downloaded, or a full version purchased.
• MathType was supplied by Design Science.

Tackling the fear of algebra

The move from arithmetic to symbolic algebra is the biggest terror of secondary school mathematics, and many of our future scientists are lost over the edge at this fracture plane. Graphical work is popular but must support symbolic work, not pleasurably obscure it.

In an experimental programme, we encouraged a group of 13-14 year old students to record and express what they were doing in standard symbolic short-hand, and to share summaries of the results on an intranet web site. They were introduced to MathType, which was used not only for preparation of handouts but also for real time classroom explanations of simple, common sense events happening in Autograph.

MathType appealed to these teenagers. Its quality of output built their pride in their work; it was used to prepare their worksheets, and they had the experience of feeding back work of equivalent production values. Its ability to produce high quality web material gave them a high-status platform for displaying their achievements.

[Contributed by AbsentCat]